from collections.abc import Iterable
from functools import partial
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from lours.dataset import Dataset
from ...utils.grouper import get_group_names, group_list, group_relational_data
from .detection_evaluator_base import DetectionEvaluatorBase
from .util import (
compute_average_precision,
confusion_matrix,
construct_matches_df,
pr_curve,
)
if TYPE_CHECKING:
pass
[docs]
class DetectionEvaluator(DetectionEvaluatorBase):
"""Class specialization for detection tasks Note that the constructor is the
same as the base Evaluator
See Also:
:ref:`related tutorial </notebooks/3_demo_evaluation_detection.ipynb>`
"""
matches: dict[str, dict[str, pd.DataFrame]] = {
"category_specific": {},
"category_agnostic": {},
}
"""Nested dictionary of DataFrames containing matched bounding boxes between
groundtruth and corresponding prediction, depending on the way of computing
matches (between all categories or between similar categories). Note that the
the sub dictionaries will be empty until :func:`compute_matches` is called"""
def __init__(
self, groundtruth: Dataset, name: str | None = None, **predictions: Dataset
):
"""Constructor of the DetectionEvaluator class.
The only difference with vanilla :class:`.Evaluator` is the matches that is set
to an empty dictionary.
"""
self.matches = {
"category_specific": {},
"category_agnostic": {},
}
super().__init__(groundtruth, name, **predictions)
[docs]
def compute_matches(
self,
predictions_names: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
min_iou: float = 0,
category_agnostic: bool = False,
) -> dict[str, pd.DataFrame]:
"""Get matches between predictions and targets of the Evaluator.
See Also:
:ref:`Related tutorial </notebooks/3_demo_evaluation_detection.ipynb#Compute-the-matches>`
Args:
predictions_names: name or collection of prediction names to compute the
matches on. If set to None, will compute the matches with the prediction
DataFrames contained in the ``self.predictions_dictionary`` attribute.
Defaults to None
min_iou: IoU above which the detection is considered
valid. Defaults to 0. Note that the lower bound of min_iou is not
inclusive.
category_agnostic: if set to False, matches are computed between categories,
otherwise, matches are computed globally
Returns:
dict of DataFrame of matches, one entry per prediction specified in
arguments. Will contain ``prediction_id`` and ``groundtruth_id`` columns.
Index is unrelevant. Each prediction id and target id should appear once and
only once. As such, at worse (no match at all), the dataframe will
be :math:`N+M` rows with :math:`N` the number of predictions and :math:`M`
the number of targets, and at best it will be :math:`max(M,N)`
Example:
>>> from lours.utils.doc_utils import dummy_dataset
>>> groundtruth = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 1000,
... label_map={0: "person", 1: "car"},
... )
>>> predictions1 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=0,
... )
>>> predictions2 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=1,
... )
>>> evaluator = DetectionEvaluator(
... groundtruth=groundtruth, A=predictions1, B=predictions2
... )
>>> matches = evaluator.compute_matches()
computing matches between groundtruth and A (category specific)
computing matches between groundtruth and B (category specific)
>>> matches["A"]
prediction_id iou groundtruth_id
0 2311 0.370857 207
1 515 0.586261 820
2 7071 0.468022 585
3 4444 0.089832 87
4 235 0.431787 105
.. ... ... ...
487 5016 0.000000 <NA>
488 3608 0.000000 <NA>
489 437 0.000000 <NA>
490 8837 0.000000 <NA>
491 2508 0.000000 <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[10000 rows x 3 columns]
You can select a particular set of prediction to only compute them
>>> B_matches = evaluator.compute_matches(
... predictions_names="B", category_agnostic=True
... )
computing matches between groundtruth and B (category agnostic)
>>> B_matches["B"]
prediction_id iou groundtruth_id
0 7849 0.267152 832
1 8819 0.089308 130
2 6537 0.322729 785
3 1616 0.406822 326
4 8021 0.510778 929
... ... ... ...
1022 7377 0.000000 <NA>
1023 8370 0.000000 <NA>
1024 3534 0.000000 <NA>
1025 7087 0.000000 <NA>
1026 1410 0.000000 <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[10000 rows x 3 columns]
"""
if isinstance(predictions_names, str):
predictions_names = [predictions_names]
if predictions_names is None:
predictions_names = list(self.predictions_dictionary)
groundtruth = self.groundtruth.assign(groundtruth=True)
matches = {}
for prediction_name in predictions_names:
print(
f"computing matches between groundtruth and {prediction_name} (category"
f" {'agnostic' if category_agnostic else 'specific'})"
)
prediction = self.predictions_dictionary[prediction_name].assign(
groundtruth=False
)
groundtruth_prediction = pd.concat([groundtruth, prediction])
groups = ["image_id"]
tqdm.pandas()
if category_agnostic:
tqdm.pandas()
matches = self.matches["category_agnostic"]
else:
matches = self.matches["category_specific"]
groups.append("category_id")
grouped = groundtruth_prediction.groupby(groups, group_keys=False)
matches[prediction_name] = grouped.progress_apply( # pyright: ignore
partial(construct_matches_df, min_iou=min_iou), include_groups=False
)
return matches
[docs]
def compute_confusion_matrix(
self,
predictions_names: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
groups: group_list = (),
min_iou: float = 0,
min_confidence: float = 0,
) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""Compute confusion matrix to evaluate object detection.
See Also:
:ref:`related tutorial </notebooks/3_demo_evaluation_detection.ipynb#Computing-confusion-matrix>`
Args:
predictions_names: name or collection of prediction names to compute the
matches on. If set to None, will compute the matches with the prediction
DataFrames contained in the ``self.predictions_dictionary`` attribute.
Default to None
groups: Groups of image or annotation attributes to use to
partition evaluation results to compute multiple confusion matrices.
Must be a :obj:`.group_list` . Defaults to ()
min_iou: IoU above which the detection is considered
valid. Defaults to 0. Note that the lower bound of min_iou is not
inclusive.
min_confidence: confidence threshold above which the detection is considered
valid. Defaults to 0. Note that the lower bound of min_confidence is not
inclusive.
Returns:
A Dataframe with confusion data for each group name(s) (if any)
of each predictions_names.
Example:
>>> from lours.utils.doc_utils import dummy_dataset
>>> groundtruth = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 1000,
... label_map={0: "person", 1: "car"},
... )
>>> predictions1 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=0,
... )
>>> predictions2 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=1,
... )
>>> evaluator = DetectionEvaluator(
... groundtruth=groundtruth, A=predictions1, B=predictions2
... )
>>> evaluator.compute_confusion_matrix().reset_index().set_index(
... ["model", "label"]
... )
computing matches between groundtruth and A (category agnostic)
computing matches between groundtruth and B (category agnostic)
Processing confusion matrix for model=A
Processing confusion matrix for model=B
car person None
model label
A car 0.487179 0.512821 0.0
person 0.470588 0.529412 0.0
None 0.500889 0.499111 0.0
B car 0.495069 0.504931 0.0
person 0.470588 0.529412 0.0
None 0.505556 0.494444 0.0
You can also use a minimum iou and select a subset of all prediction sets.
>>> evaluator.compute_confusion_matrix(
... min_iou=0.1, predictions_names="A"
... ).drop("model", axis=1)
Processing confusion matrix for model=A
car person None
label
car 0.362919 0.374753 0.262327
person 0.312373 0.367140 0.320487
None 0.500377 0.499623 0.000000
"""
if isinstance(predictions_names, str):
predictions_names = [predictions_names]
if predictions_names is None:
predictions_names = list(self.predictions_dictionary)
# compute category agnostic matches between prediction and groundtruth, and
# construct a dataframe with groundtruth and prediction id, along with
# category name for groundtruth (groundtruth_label) and prediction
# (prediction_label). Groundtruth ids not matched to any prediction will have
# a prediction label set to None (false negative) and prediction ids not matches
# to any groundtruth will have a prediction label set to None (false positive).
result_dict = {}
group_names = get_group_names(groups)
for name in predictions_names:
if name not in self.matches["category_agnostic"]:
self.compute_matches(name, category_agnostic=True)
matches = self.matches["category_agnostic"][name]
results = self.groundtruth.reset_index(names="groundtruth_id")
results = pd.merge(
results,
matches.dropna(subset=["groundtruth_id"]),
right_on="groundtruth_id",
left_on="groundtruth_id",
)
results["confidence"] = 0.0
results = results.rename(columns={"category_str": "groundtruth_label"})
detected = results["prediction_id"].dropna()
current_predictions = self.predictions_dictionary[name]
results.loc[~results["prediction_id"].isna(), "confidence"] = (
current_predictions.loc[detected, "confidence"].values
)
results.loc[~results["prediction_id"].isna(), "prediction_label"] = (
current_predictions.loc[detected, "category_str"].values
)
# Then add the unmatched predictions
false_positive = matches.loc[
matches["groundtruth_id"].isna(), "prediction_id"
]
results_fp = (
current_predictions.loc[false_positive]
.reset_index()
.rename(
columns={"id": "prediction_id", "category_str": "prediction_label"}
)
)
results_fp = pd.merge(
results_fp,
matches[matches["groundtruth_id"].isna()],
right_on="prediction_id",
left_on="prediction_id",
)
results = pd.concat([results, results_fp], ignore_index=True)
# Keep matches with IOU above threshold or prediction and groundtruth which
# have not been matched
iou_above_threshold = (results["iou"] > min_iou) | (results["iou"] == 0)
# Matches with IOU below threshold are duplicated to be considered
# as False Negative and False Positive
iou_below_threshold_gt = (results["iou"] <= min_iou) & results[
["groundtruth_label", "prediction_label"]
].notna().all(axis=1)
iou_below_threshold_pred = iou_below_threshold_gt
df_iou_above_threshold = results[iou_above_threshold]
df_iou_below_threshold_gt = results[iou_below_threshold_gt].assign(
prediction_label=pd.NA
)
df_iou_below_threshold_pred = results[iou_below_threshold_pred].assign(
groundtruth_label=pd.NA
)
results = pd.concat(
[
df_iou_above_threshold,
df_iou_below_threshold_gt,
df_iou_below_threshold_pred,
],
ignore_index=True,
)
# Set predictions to None if confidence score lower or equal to
# min_confidence argument
results.loc[results["confidence"] <= min_confidence, "prediction_label"] = (
pd.NA
)
# Remove rows where both prediction_label and groundtruth_label are None
both_none_labels = (
results[["prediction_label", "groundtruth_label"]].isna()
).all(axis=1)
results = results[~both_none_labels]
group_dict, category_groups, continuous_groups = group_relational_data(
results, groups
)
pandas_groups = [group_dict[name] for name in group_names]
result_dict[name] = (results, pandas_groups)
confusion_dataframes = []
for p_name, (current_results, pandas_groups) in result_dict.items():
print(f"Processing confusion matrix for model={p_name}")
if pandas_groups:
grouped_data = current_results.groupby(
pandas_groups, observed=False
).apply(confusion_matrix)
grouped_data["model"] = p_name
else:
grouped_data = confusion_matrix(current_results)
grouped_data["model"] = p_name
confusion_dataframes.append(grouped_data)
return pd.concat(confusion_dataframes, ignore_index=False)
[docs]
def compute_precision_recall(
self,
predictions_names: str | Iterable[str] | None = None,
groups: group_list = ("category_id",),
ious: float | Iterable[float] = (0.0,),
index_column: str | None = "recall",
index_values: Iterable[float] | None = None,
f_scores_betas: Iterable[float] = (1,),
) -> tuple[pd.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]:
r"""Compute Precision Recall curves, along with Average precision, with respect
to recall, for different minimum IoU values.
The dataset can be grouped, so that you get multiple pr curves in the end.
It can be either groups of images (applied on ``self.images``) or groups of bbox
(applied on ``self.groundtruth`` and ``self.predictions_dictionary``).
In the case the data is not categorical, you must provide the number of
desired bins of desired bin boundaries, and the cut method will be used to
construct groups.
See Also:
- :ref:`Related tutorial </notebooks/3_demo_evaluation_detection.ipynb#Computing-AP-+-Yolov5-metrics>`
- :class:`.ContinuousGroup`
- :func:`pandas.cut` and :func:`pandas.qcut` for continuous groups.
Note:
For bbox groups, the value used will be the one of the target, except for
false positive (no matching target) where the prediction data will be used.
For example, the bbox size used for grouping will be the target one and not
the prediction. So even if the prediction is out of bound, the detection
will be considered valid as long as the IoU is high enough.
However, when there is a false positive, the size of prediction will be used
to decide in which group the precision needs to be decreased
Args:
predictions_names: names of predictions DataFrames, contained in
``self.predictions_dictionary`` to compute the PR curves on. If set to
None, will compute PR curves for all predictions DataFrames.
groups: Groups of image or annotation attributes to use to
partition evaluation results to compute multiple PR curves. Must be a
:obj:`.group_list` . Defaults to ``("category_id", )``.
ious: minimum IoU values above which detection are considered valid.
The higher, the harder it is for a detection to be valid.
Defaults to 0.
index_column: If set, will force the values of given column to be in the
same bins. This will decrease data granularity, but make it possible to
us this column as index. If not set, each category will have its own
values, set exactly where recall and precision changes, making the curve
more precise. Possible arguments are the only monotonous values (either
increasing or decreasing), i.e. ``recall``, ``precision`` and
``confidence_threshold``. Defaults to ``recall`` to match pycocotools
and fiftyone evaluation workflows.
index_values: Iterable of bins, increasing float values from 0 to 1. used to
reindex the dataframe. If set to None, will be 101 points evenly spaced
from 0 to 1, to match pycocotools and fiftyone evaluation workflows.
Defaults to None.
f_scores_betas: beta values to compute the corresponding :math:`F_\beta`
values in addition to precision and recall.
Returns:
PR curve dataset and corresponding average precision.
The PR curve dataframe will have at least ``precision``,
``recall``, ``confidence_threshold``, and ``iou_threshold`` columns, plus
the :math:`F_\beta` score columns, plus all the columns from the given
groups. The AP dataframe will have at least AP and iou_threshold columns,
plus all the columns from the given groups.
Example:
>>> from lours.utils.doc_utils import dummy_dataset
>>> groundtruth = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 1000,
... label_map={0: "person", 1: "car"},
... n_attribute_columns_images={"attribute": 2},
... )
>>> predictions1 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=0,
... )
>>> predictions2 = dummy_dataset(
... 10,
... 10000,
... label_map=groundtruth.label_map,
... images=groundtruth.images,
... add_confidence=True,
... seed=1,
... )
>>> evaluator = DetectionEvaluator(
... groundtruth=groundtruth, A=predictions1, B=predictions2
... )
Get the Precision Recall curves and the Average Precision dataframe
>>> pr, ap = evaluator.compute_precision_recall(ious=[0, 0.5])
computing matches between groundtruth and A (category specific)
computing matches between groundtruth and B (category specific)
Processing PR curves for 2 IoU values and 2 prediction sets
Processing PR curve for model=A and IOU=0
Processing PR curve for model=B and IOU=0
Processing PR curve for model=A and IOU=0.5
Processing PR curve for model=B and IOU=0.5
>>> ap
category_id iou_threshold model AP category_str
0 1 0.0 A 0.939509 car
1 0 0.0 A 0.961933 person
2 1 0.0 B 0.956845 car
3 0 0.0 B 0.946684 person
4 1 0.5 A 0.040764 car
5 0 0.5 A 0.026722 person
6 1 0.5 B 0.025094 car
7 0 0.5 B 0.025750 person
>>> pr
category_id recall precision ... iou_threshold model category_str
0 1 0.00 1.000000 ... 0.0 A car
1 1 0.01 1.000000 ... 0.0 A car
2 1 0.02 1.000000 ... 0.0 A car
3 1 0.03 0.985714 ... 0.0 A car
4 1 0.04 0.985714 ... 0.0 A car
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
803 0 0.96 0.000000 ... 0.5 B person
804 0 0.97 0.000000 ... 0.5 B person
805 0 0.98 0.000000 ... 0.5 B person
806 0 0.99 0.000000 ... 0.5 B person
807 0 1.00 0.000000 ... 0.5 B person
<BLANKLINE>
[808 rows x 8 columns]
For each class, iou and model, get the confidence threshold with the best f1
and print the corresponding f1, recall and precision
>>> best_f1 = pr.groupby(["model", "iou_threshold", "category_id"])[
... "f1_score"
... ].idxmax()
>>> pr.loc[best_f1, ["f1_score", "recall", "precision"]].set_index(
... best_f1.index
... )
f1_score recall precision
model iou_threshold category_id
A 0.0 0 0.904181 0.89 0.920502
1 0.884258 0.88 0.888889
0.5 0 0.131444 0.10 0.194030
1 0.158687 0.13 0.208202
B 0.0 0 0.883191 0.87 0.903158
1 0.898718 0.90 0.898039
0.5 0 0.124986 0.10 0.168350
1 0.131136 0.10 0.203922
Use a grouper to have PR values with respect to "attribute" image column,
box height columns, thanks to a continuous group.
>>> from lours.utils.grouper import ContinuousGroup
>>> height_group = ContinuousGroup("box_height", bins=2, qcut=True)
>>> pr, ap = evaluator.compute_precision_recall(
... ious=0.1,
... groups=["attribute", "category_id", height_group],
... predictions_names="B",
... )
Processing PR curves for 1 IoU value and 1 prediction set
Processing PR curve for model=B and IOU=0.1
>>> ap.set_index(["box_height", "attribute", "category_str"])["AP"]
box_height attribute category_str
(209.059, 938.398] return car 0.687178
(0.0295, 209.059] return car 0.486098
to person 0.394769
(209.059, 938.398] to car 0.670351
return person 0.727590
(0.0295, 209.059] to car 0.517899
return person 0.372749
(209.059, 938.398] to person 0.586228
Name: AP, dtype: float64
"""
if isinstance(predictions_names, str):
predictions_names = [predictions_names]
if predictions_names is None:
predictions_names = list(self.predictions_dictionary)
for name in predictions_names:
if name not in self.matches["category_specific"]:
self.compute_matches(name, category_agnostic=False)
if index_column is not None:
if index_values is None:
index_values = np.linspace(0, 1, 101)
else:
index_values = list(index_values)
reindex_series = pd.Series(index_values, name=index_column)
else:
reindex_series = None
assert self.matches
result_dict = {}
group_names = get_group_names(groups)
for p_name in predictions_names:
# Construct a dataframe of all targets, with corresponding matching
# prediction (if any), and confidence from predictions (0 if false negative)
matches = self.matches["category_specific"][p_name]
current_predictions = self.predictions_dictionary[p_name]
results = self.groundtruth.reset_index(names="groundtruth_id")
results = pd.merge(
results,
matches.dropna(subset=["groundtruth_id"]),
right_on="groundtruth_id",
left_on="groundtruth_id",
)
results["confidence"] = 0.0
detected = results["prediction_id"].dropna()
results.loc[~results["prediction_id"].isna(), "confidence"] = (
current_predictions.loc[detected, "confidence"].values
)
# Then add the unmatched predictions
false_positive = matches.loc[
matches["groundtruth_id"].isna(), "prediction_id"
]
results_fp = (
current_predictions.loc[false_positive]
.reset_index()
.rename(columns={"id": "prediction_id"})
)
results_fp = pd.merge(
results_fp,
matches[matches["groundtruth_id"].isna()],
right_on="prediction_id",
left_on="prediction_id",
)
results = pd.concat([results, results_fp], ignore_index=True)
# groundtruth is True if groundtruth_id is NA, False otherwise
results["groundtruth"] = ~results["groundtruth_id"].isna()
results = results.sort_values("confidence", ascending=False)
group_dict, *_ = group_relational_data(results, groups, self.images)
pandas_groups = [group_dict[name] for name in group_names]
result_dict[p_name] = (results, pandas_groups)
precision_recall_curves = []
if isinstance(ious, float | int):
ious = [float(ious)]
else:
ious = [*ious]
plural_ious = "s" if len(ious) > 1 else ""
plural_predictions = "s" if len(result_dict) > 1 else ""
print(
f"Processing PR curves for {len(ious)} IoU value{plural_ious} and"
f" {len(result_dict)} prediction set{plural_predictions}"
)
for iou in tqdm(ious):
for p_name, (results, pandas_groups) in result_dict.items():
print(f"Processing PR curve for model={p_name} and IOU={iou}")
if pandas_groups:
precision_recall_curve = results.groupby(
pandas_groups, sort=False
).progress_apply( # pyright: ignore
partial(
pr_curve,
min_iou=iou,
reindex_series=reindex_series,
betas=f_scores_betas,
),
include_groups=False,
)
# Groups are currently in the multiIndex. Reset it to make the
# dataframe easier to use: rename the index with the group names and
# make it dataframe columns.
# Also, the irrelevant id column at the same time
precision_recall_curve = precision_recall_curve.rename_axis(
[
*group_names,
"id",
]
)
precision_recall_curve = precision_recall_curve.reset_index(
level=group_names
)
else:
precision_recall_curve = pr_curve(
results, min_iou=iou, reindex_series=reindex_series
)
precision_recall_curve["iou_threshold"] = iou
precision_recall_curve["model"] = p_name
precision_recall_curves.append(precision_recall_curve)
precision_recall_curves = pd.concat(precision_recall_curves, ignore_index=True)
average_precisions = precision_recall_curves.groupby(
group_names + ["iou_threshold", "model"], sort=False
).apply(compute_average_precision, include_groups=False)
average_precisions = average_precisions.rename("AP").reset_index()
if "category_id" in group_names:
precision_recall_curves["category_str"] = precision_recall_curves[
"category_id"
].replace(self.label_map)
average_precisions["category_str"] = average_precisions[
"category_id"
].replace(self.label_map)
return precision_recall_curves, average_precisions
def _get_widgets(self):
import ipywidgets as widgets
from IPython.display import display
components_widgets = super()._get_widgets()
if self.matches:
for category_name, matches_dict in self.matches.items():
for prediction_name, matches in matches_dict.items():
widget_matches = widgets.Output()
# render in output widgets
with widget_matches:
display(matches)
components_widgets[
f"{category_name} {prediction_name} Matches (class)"
] = widget_matches
return components_widgets
